L'impact de l'environnement sur l'agression en milieu carcéral

Wener Richard. L'impact de l'environnement sur l'agression en milieu carcéral. In: Déviance et société. 1989 - Vol. 13 - N°4. pp. 355-365

NON-DENSITY FACTORS IN THE PERCEPTION OF CROWDING.

NON-DENSITY FACTORS IN THE PERCEPTION OF CROWDING

Comparing stress of car and train commuters

Commuting times and distances continue to increase in the United States with potential impacts to the environment as well as possible health consequences for the travelers, because of stress from the commuting trip. There is very little empirical information, however, on the differences between various modes of commuting on commuter stress. This study provides a cross-sectional comparison of car and train commuters with multiple indicators of stress, including statistical controls for group characteristics. We compared commuters in the same geographic region, Metropolitan New York City, who had comparable starting and destination points, and were from homogeneous socioeconomic backgrounds. We also explored potential underlying psychological processes (i.e., control, effort, predictability) to help explain stress differences related to commuting mode. There were statistically significant differences for perceived commuting stress and mood. Car commuters showed significantly higher levels of reported stress and, more negative mood. Mediational analyses indicated that effort and predictability largely account for the elevated stress associated with car commuting

Commuting Stress: Psychophysiological Effects of a Trip and Spillover into the Workplace

This study took advantage of a major improvement to the infrastructure of a commuter rail line to conduct a field study examining the effects of that change on commuter stress. The study used a multimethod approach, employing self- and significant other-report data, behavioral measures, and physiological measures of stress. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were collected with a pretest-posttest design including both within- and between-group comparisons. The results on psychophysiological, self-report, and job strain measures revealed that those commuters using improved transit service showed reduced stress in the postchange period and those staying with the previous service remained constant. Commuters who switched to the new train service also experienced a reduced level of job strain after the implementation of the line. A subgroup of rail passengers with elevated sensitivity to commuting conditions were also uncovered. On both a behavioral index of motivation and perceived job strain, women who had children at home especially benefited from the intervention. Multimethodological evidence from a natural experiment indicates that transit infrastructure improvements not only increase efficiency but also enhance passenger well-being by reducing commuting stress

Techniques for epicardial mapping and ablation with a miniature robotic walker

Present treatments for ventricular tachycardia have significant drawbacks. To ameliorate these drawbacks, it may be advantageous to employ an epicardial robotic walker that performs mapping and ablation with precise control of needle insertion depth. This paper examines the feasibility of such a system

investigating building Performance Through Simulation of Occupant behavior

ABSTRACT: This research investigates opportunities for improving building performance and occupant satisfaction through an iterative process of empirical fieldwork in green buildings and computer simulation modeling. This project demonstrates that the simulation-modeling framework is feasible and useful. Additionally, this project has generated a variety of important empirical insights about how the usability of building-level green features and social and organizational factors affect occupant and operator behavior. Next steps include strengthening and disseminating the simulation-modeling framework, extending it and the field research to address more fully the operator-occupant nexus and similar social and organizational factors, and advancing consideration of usability metrics within the LEED framework

A Method to Noninvasively Identify Cardiac Bioelectrical Sources

Background We have introduced a method to guide radiofrequency catheter ablation (RCA) procedures that estimates the location of a catheter tip used to pace the ventricles and the target site for ablation using the single equivalent moving dipole (SEMD). Objective To investigate the accuracy of this method in resolving epicardial and endocardial electrical sources. Methods Two electrode arrays, each of nine pacing electrodes at known distances from each other, sutured on the left- and right-ventricular (LV and RV) epicardial surfaces of swine, were used to pace the heart at multiple rates, while body surface potentials from 64 sites were recorded and used to estimate the SEMD location. A similar approach was followed for pacing from catheters in the LV and RV. Results The overall (RV & LV) error in estimating the interelectrode distance of adjacent epicardial electrodes was 0.38 ± 0.45 cm. The overall endocardial (RV & LV) interelectrode distance error, was 0.44 ± 0.26 cm. Heart rate did not significantly affect the error of the estimated SEMD location (P > 0.05). The guiding process error became progressively smaller as the SEMD approached an epicardial target site and close to the target, the overall absolute error was ∼0.28 cm. The estimated epicardial SEMD locations preserved their topology in image space with respect to their corresponding physical location of the epicardial electrodes. Conclusion The proposed algorithm suggests one can efficiently and accurately resolve epicardial electrical sources without the need of an imaging modality. In addition, the error in resolving these sources is sufficient to guide RCA procedures.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1RO1HL103961)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R44 HL079726-04

A Method to Noninvasively Identify Cardiac Bioelectrical Sources

Background We have introduced a method to guide radiofrequency catheter ablation (RCA) procedures that estimates the location of a catheter tip used to pace the ventricles and the target site for ablation using the single equivalent moving dipole (SEMD). Objective To investigate the accuracy of this method in resolving epicardial and endocardial electrical sources. Methods Two electrode arrays, each of nine pacing electrodes at known distances from each other, sutured on the left- and right-ventricular (LV and RV) epicardial surfaces of swine, were used to pace the heart at multiple rates, while body surface potentials from 64 sites were recorded and used to estimate the SEMD location. A similar approach was followed for pacing from catheters in the LV and RV. Results The overall (RV & LV) error in estimating the interelectrode distance of adjacent epicardial electrodes was 0.38 ± 0.45 cm. The overall endocardial (RV & LV) interelectrode distance error, was 0.44 ± 0.26 cm. Heart rate did not significantly affect the error of the estimated SEMD location (P > 0.05). The guiding process error became progressively smaller as the SEMD approached an epicardial target site and close to the target, the overall absolute error was ∼0.28 cm. The estimated epicardial SEMD locations preserved their topology in image space with respect to their corresponding physical location of the epicardial electrodes. Conclusion The proposed algorithm suggests one can efficiently and accurately resolve epicardial electrical sources without the need of an imaging modality. In addition, the error in resolving these sources is sufficient to guide RCA procedures.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1RO1HL103961)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R44 HL079726-04

High-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous HCT for relapsing-remitting MS.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and durability of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease stabilization after high-dose immunosuppressive therapy (HDIT) and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). METHODS: High-Dose Immunosuppression and Autologous Transplantation for Multiple Sclerosis (HALT-MS) is a phase II clinical trial of HDIT/HCT for patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS who experienced relapses with disability progression (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] 3.0-5.5) while on MS disease-modifying therapy. The primary endpoint was event-free survival (EFS), defined as survival without death or disease activity from any one of: disability progression, relapse, or new lesions on MRI. Participants were evaluated through 5 years posttransplant. Toxicities were reported using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (AE). RESULTS: Twenty-five participants were evaluated for transplant and 24 participants underwent HDIT/HCT. Median follow-up was 62 months (range 12-72). EFS was 69.2% (90% confidence interval [CI] 50.2-82.1). Progression-free survival, clinical relapse-free survival, and MRI activity-free survival were 91.3% (90% CI 74.7%-97.2%), 86.9% (90% CI 69.5%-94.7%), and 86.3% (90% CI 68.1%-94.5%), respectively. AE due to HDIT/HCT were consistent with expected toxicities and there were no significant late neurologic adverse effects noted. Improvements were noted in neurologic disability with a median change in EDSS of -0.5 (interquartile range -1.5 to 0.0; CONCLUSION: HDIT/HCT without maintenance therapy was effective for inducing long-term sustained remissions of active RRMS at 5 years. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT00288626. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class IV evidence that participants with RRMS experienced sustained remissions with toxicities as expected from HDIT/HCT